The lumber-room Essay Example for Free

The lumber-room EssayShe starts of in the story bearinging at the world in a nice light and talking about fantasy creatures, besides how nice her life will be when she grows up, gets a job has kids and a beautiful loving husband the usual 13 15 year old(a) female dream. Then she meets Kerry Stevenson and decides from things other people have said that he is not a very nice person. Then she meets Mrs Rutter and decides she is a innocent gratifying old lady, she is in fact not very nice and leaves a Ger globe pilot in the woods for two days to die a slow pain full death. The story follows a stereotypical approach to looking at old and young people, these stereotypes soon change as you baffle to a greater extent about the characters, as the story goes on Mrs Rutter describes how she left a pilot to die as an act of revenge and Kerry turns out to be kinda humane and kind lad. At the end of this story, she is walking home and decides that everything is not as it seems and that not every one is stereotypical. I prefer the lumber-room because of its happier out look on life a carefree childish approach to life, also the way Nicolas out smarts his aunt is amusing and made me laugh.The book formed unfluctuating pictures in my mind and was enjoyable and easy to read I believe that the darkness out there uses to frequently symbolism to convey its point, also the lumber-room is much easier to read less description, more action and lets get down to the facts. In the lumber room the only really long descriptive part, is the part where the hunts man is hunting the stag and is himself being followed by some wolves he doesnt take this at face value and makes the story behind the tapestry much more complex than it actually is.I feel he can identify with the hunts man, as he has also hunted his aunty in his own childish way. I think this is an excellent piece of descriptive writing and describes a young Childs imagination very well, he looks at the tapestry and sees past the unconditional facts and even comes back to comment on it later saying that he thinks the wolves will eat the stag while the hunts man runs from the wolves. In addition the biz is nowhere as near sinister or riveting, as the darkness out there.This story uses lots of light, dark contrasts to show that things are either a bad or good memories, when she walks down by packers end theres a shadow that falls on her and it gets colder, using metaphors to describe her feelings as a animal(prenominal) feeling rather than a emotional one. The darkness and light story left me feeling sad miserable proving grown ups to be fallible and weak, where as the lumbar room story made me feel alive, excited and amused wanting to read more of his antics.

Making Dreams Come True Essay Example for Free

Making Dreams Come True EssayAs a child, did you ever wish upon a corpus? Did you ever dream of being a prince or princess in a magnificent castle? Or dream of being able to fly high above the tallest buildings? I know I did, I had many dreams. Many children dream of magical places they want to go, people they want to be, and things they want to feel. The Walt Disney Company has strived to exact these dreams of children a reality. Whether it is getting to meet a princess, or getting a new pair of shoes, The Walt Disney Company wants to make e actually child feel special. The founders, Walt and Roy Disney, so angiotensin-converting enzymer strived to create animations of fantasy worlds filled with scenes that would make anyone feel warmth. They continued their works by creating physical worlds of excitement ones that children and their parents could enjoy together. Past and present, Disney also has helped out the union in numerous ways. Today The Walt Disney Company is keep mum making dreams come true. On December 5, 1901, the creator and backbone of Disney, for many years, was born. Walter Elias Disney was intimately famous for his component to the entertainment world in the twentieth century.He went on to become very well cognise for his motion pictures. Walt Disney created many short films and full continuance animations he also was the mind behind the world famous Disney theme parks. Throughout his career, he won 26 Oscars, 37 otherwise awards, and 41 nominations. Walt equable holds the record for the most awards ever (Walt). Although Walt Disney is most famously associated with Disney, he was non the only one in on the business. Roy Oliver Disney was Walter Disneys older brother. Roy was born on June 24, 1893 in Chicago, Illinois.He co-founded Disney a farseeing with his brother and served as the chief executive abilityr of Disney for most of his life. He contri only whened to all the work that was done with Disney up until his final sta ge in 1971. Unlike Walt, Roy was unrecorded to enchant the opening of Walt Disney World three months before he passed away (Roy). The Walt Disney Company started in a small Los Angeles office in 1923 by the Disney brothers. Their number 1 real production was The Alice Comedies. The Alice Comedies grew popularity quick, and The Disney Company began to flourish.Five years later, the most famous rice paddy Mouse was born Goofy, Pluto, Donald Duck and other Disney characters soon followed. Then in 1937 Disneys first animated movie was produced Snow White and the heptad Dwarves was pure triumph worldwide. Over the next fewer years, Disney decided to expand his ever-growing company, so he moved to Burbank to build a new studio. There, during the 1940s and 1950s, he along with his team created some of the classic Disney animations including Bambi, Fantasia, Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland and Peter Pan (History). Mickey Mouse has a long history he celebrated his 80th birthday in 2008 .Oswald the lucky rabbit was the airplane pilot character. He starred in a black and white short film cartoon, where he had long black ears, a round pudgy belly, uncollectible goofy feet, and a huge simply thin smile. He wore high white shorts, with white shoes and white gloves. Walterss idea of Oswald came after The Alice Comedies series, but was influenced by them. The design came from Alices husband Charles Mintz. Walt later decided he wanted to give Oswald a make all over, so he decided to turn him into a mouse. At first he named this mouse Mortimer, but the name did not last.To this day, no one really knows the reason the mouses name was changed, but the most popular story is that Walters wife did not really care for the name. I am sure Disney was happy that he changed the name, seeing what success would come from the new revised character. After much debate, the character was created and named Mickey Mouse (Suddath). Mickeys first couple appearances were not a success. eve ry(prenominal) doubts were put to rest when Steamboat Willie hit the big screen, starring Mickey Mouse. The film was the first animation with synchronized sound effects and music.Mickey Mouses career had begun, and it was just the beginning. A little over ten years later, animator Fred Moore had an idea to make over Mickey once again this was other brilliant idea in my eyes. Mickey was originally designed out of circles, therefore limiting his movements. The new Mickey was hoped to move more freely crosswise the screen. Moore also proposed the idea of making a cuter Mickey. As a result, he gave him a pear-shaped body, eyes with pupils and a cute shortened noise. The new Mickey first appeared in one of the earliest and well-known classics, Fantasia and for the first time, he appeared in color.Mickey continued to appear in short films throughout the years (Suddath). Today Mickey is not as popular in animated films, but I would not hesitate to say he is still alive in the Disney atmos phere. Mickey and Minnie are still recognized worldwide today. After the initial years of getting the Disney Company started, a lot of progress happened very quickly. In 1937 Disney made history by making the first full length animated motion picture it was titled Snow White and the Seven Dwarves. The famous film was written based on the tale Snow White by Brothers Grimm (Snow).To follow were many Disney classics that children still enjoy watching today. rough of my favorites include Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Peter Pan, The Lion King, The Little Mermaid and The Beauty and the Beast. Disney has created 96 animations and is still created them today. Of those 96 movies, 45 of them are considered classics (The Walt Disney Company). Many of these Disney characters are the focus of 2 main theme parks that Disney created for everyone to enjoy first hand. To many children and even adults, the Disney parks are magical places.Nothing says it better than their slogan, Where all dreams com e true. This is hardly what Walt Disney wanted he wanted to create a place of magic for both children and their parents. Disneyland is located in Anaheim, California and Disneyworld is located in Orlando, Florida they are the dickens amusement parks in the United States. There are also four other parks around the world, along with a Disney cruise nervous strain (Walt Disney). Disneyland was the first of the two to be created it was the only park that Walt Disney himself actually got to witness being built and finished.Construction of the park was started on July 17, 1954, and was opened exactly one year later. Disneyland was a hit from the beginning, opening day was said to be a disaster because it was so overcrowded. The original park cost a monumental 17 million dollars to complete. In the 1990s The Disney Company decided to expand the park. It was transformed into a park along with a resort. Along with the Disney Resort, Disneys California possibility Park, Downtown Disney, and Disneys Paradise Pier Hotel were created. Inside of Disneyland, there are a handful of mini lands, or at least this is how I see them.I would describe these as brief, but nonetheless powerful and exciting places that are seen around the world or in Disney productions, all composed interior one theme park. One that I particularly remember is the Haunted menage which is found in the New Orleans section of the park. The Haunted Mansion was constructed to look like an old southern plantation inside it, it was created into a haunted adventure. These marvelous attractions draw many guests from around the world every year. As of 2007, Disneyland had been visited by over 14,800,000 people (Disneyland).In 1959 Walt Disney thought about creating another theme park. His main concern was the location because most of the people who came to Disneyland were from the west which was a downfall because at the time most people lived in the east. Therefore, he wanted to open the Disney experienc e up to the whole nation by creating a new park closer to those on the east coast. The process of just getting approved for a large piece of land took many years. He had been denied numerous times. Finally, Orlando, Florida was chosen as a site for the new park. Sadly, Walt died in 1966, five years before the park was ever opened.Along with Walt Disney World, Epcot was created in 1982. Epcot is known today as the participation of tomorrow. Like Disneyland, Walt Disney World also contains a resort and other parks within. Walt Disney World has not only become the most popular Disney Park, but the most popular entertainment attraction in the United States. On average, 40 million people visit each year. (Walt Disney World). Disney does not only vision to give children an experience of a lifetime through movies and theme parks, but through more heartfelt ways such as giving to charities.In 2008, Disney donated 209 million dollars to charities around the world, hoping to make wishes come true among families. They also have a program for volunteers called VoluntEARS. The company has been serving the community for over 26 years. In those years, the members have helped in 42 countries and contributed 5,000,000 hours of volunteer work. Most recently, in honor of Disneys 55th anniversary, they are running a shell out to promote community service. Disney is offering a free ticket to their park if anyone donates a day to a participating Disney organization (The Walt Disney Company Corporate).Disney has a long history and it is still striving to create magic every day. Children still enjoy watching the same Disney classics that children watched over 50 years ago. Although Disneys first few movies are still popular today, new animations are still being made, and are still becoming great hits. Disneyland and Walt Disney World are still magical places that will surely bring a smile to a childs face. But most importantly, Disney is continuing to fulfill dreams through their community service these dream come trues are truly magical.

Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi)

alien Direct Investment (Fdi)Investment done by a strange individual or company in productive capability of another country is what is meant by impertinent investment. It is the movement of capital from the national b sanctify in such a way tat it grants the investor the total authority over the acquired asset. FDI generally transfers both physical capital and intangible assets such as technology among nations. As per standard growth theories, the major factors driving economic growth be capital accumulation and technological innovation. Foreign direct investment plays a major consumption in the economic burgeon forthment of the emcee nation. It acts as a launching pad to the economic, social, infrastructural, technological developments of many soldiery countries. This is an age of globalised world economy and foreign direct investment is the major driving force behind the interdependence of national economies.FDI has a major role in taking the economy of the force country far ahead. The economically developing as well as the underdeveloped countries are dependent on the economically developed countries for financial aid which would help them to achieve some financial stability. For the last twenty years any form of foreign direct investment has gained in a cope of capital knowledge and technological resources into the economy of a country.Foreign direct investment is an essential and unavoidable part of national developmental plans. There are many positive aspects for FDI for which it is welcomed by all nations globally. It has become an integral tool for triggering economic growth for nations all over. FDI is well versed in utilizing human resource in the most effective way as a result of which high productivity is obtained. Foreign direct investment has gained popularity worldwide.Though most of the FDI flows is primarily based in the developed nations, it is very much crucial for developing countries as well (refer figure 1). As per the figure between 1990-2000 the aggregate wealth of the developing nations nearly became four times and its total trade volume shot over five folds, FDI flowing into the developing countries grew to18 times. Because of private direct investments, the familiarity of developing countries in the global production network increased considerably.Foreign direct investment made drastic changes in the economy of the host country. The substructure of the host country increased considerably. Technological development was also made possible. The living standard of the common people of the host country also meliorate due to foreign direct investment. FDI turned as a boon to the host country as the growth and development made by it was subtile as it not only improved the economic conditions of the nation, it also could improve the social conditions. Again the health sector of the host country could also develop because of foreign direct investment.Types of FDIForeign direct investment fire be classif ied into two types. They are Greenfield investment and Mergers and Acquisition.Greenfield investmentDirect investment by a foreign company or individual in new venture or expanding by constructing new facilities in the existing territories in the host country is known as green field investment. This type of FDI is done in developing countries like India where multinational companies build new organizations. Foreign companies eve hire employees from the host countries there by creating job opportunities. Developing nations gives captivating offers like tax-breaks, subsidies and incentives to the foreign companies in order to attract them. Losing corporate tax is minimal when compared to advantages to FDI.Benefits of Greenfield investment are several. In sourcing is done there by increasing employment opportunities .Also employees are paid more than those functional in domestic firms. Foreign countries invest in Research and development as a result of which the technology of the ho st country increases .Knowledge is imparted to the disadvantaged sections also. They go on expanding business by putting in more capital investments. Nations human capital gets utilized there by boosting up economy.Mergers and AcquisitionIt is a primary type of foreign direct investment.Mergers and Acquisitions take place when transfer of existing assets from a local firm to foreign firm is done. There are no long condition benefits to the local economy. When control over assets and operations are transferred from host to foreign company, cross border acquisition takes place. When assets and operations from different nations are made to a single new legal entity, cross border merger takes place.Forbidden TerritoriesForeign direct investment is not allowed in all sectors. In India it is certified to certain areas such as Arms and ammunition, Atomic Energy, Railway Transport, Coal and lignite, mining of iron, manganese, chromium, gypsum, sulfur, gold, diamonds, copper, zinc etc. Cer tain other sectors may be qualified in other countries for FDI.Policies to promote economic developmentSeveral studies have been conducted regarding foreign direct investment and economic development. The results obtained from the studies were rather conflicting and not reliable. any(prenominal) studies proved that the economic development in the host countries were only momentary. Certain studies show that there is no such effect. The linkage between the development and FBI is undercoat confusing and the results differ for each country. Some studies find that there are benefits. As a consequence of foreign investment employees enjoyed greater salary that those working in the domestic field. Some did not study this benefit.Policies which I would recommend a host country government to adopt towards foreign investors in order to promote economic development are as follows.Foreign investments are really an integral part of economic development of a host nation, specially economicall y developing and economically under developed nations. So a host government should attract foreign direct investors to the country if they believe the look would bring positive outputs. For that the host government has to give interesting incentives, subsidies, tax cuts etc. There is large competition among nations to bring foreign investors home so that their country could develop in all terms. The host government has to prove the foreign investors correct too in order to bring more investments in the particular field and also as a result of which they make their mind to invest in other sectors also. The host country authorities can give training to both workers and managers technological training so that foreign investors get attracted as there is supply of human resources. By adopting these methods if that particular investor succeeds, that succeeder will prompt another investor to the host country.Spillover benefits do exist, but not globally. Mainly those benefits are enjoyed by economically developing and under developed host nations. Every host country differs in its economy, human resource, technological advancements, educational quality, competition and its policies towards foreign direct investment (FDI).

Compare the Effectiveness of Different Leadership Styles

Compare the Effectiveness of Different lead StylesLeadership is an important topic that impart always attract attention due to its importance in shaping the fortunes of geological formations around the world. Leadership is defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree nearly what needs to be d whizz and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives (Yukl, 201026). This suggests that for effective lead to take place on that point mustiness be communication and understanding amidst the leader and his chase. The definition suggests that leadership is a two-way process that influences both individual and organizational performance (Mullins, 2010373). ascribable to the complex and disaccordent nature of organizations, antithetic frameworks and leadership theories have been developed to analyze approaches to leadership in the organizational setting. There are three principal(prenominal) looks of leadership, which are the democratic sprint where the focus of power lies more with the group and non solely with the leader, the authoritarian style where the focus of power lies solely with the leader/manager and the laissez-faire style where the leader observes group member are working on their own (Mullins, 2010381). The need for these three leadership styles may differ consort to the bureau. In dealing with an organization in crisis an authoritative style of leadership may be preferable. correspond to the contingency theories, there is no one particular leadership style for every situation.In the modern industrial organizations where innovation is key and employee involvement in organizational activities is important, the democratic style of leadership can be most effective. In this style of leadership the employees have a greater say in decision-making process and policy determination (Mullins, 2010381). An turn out of this is the automobile industry Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn was able to achieve results by focusing on sharing ideas with employees and getting feedback through communication.From the leadership and managerial framework there are various leadership and management approaches (Mullins, 2010376). These approaches include the qualities traits approach, functional approach, situational approach, transactional, transformational approach or inspirational approach. These different approaches can be applied to different organizations because apiece organization has its own individual character, culture and identity (Mullins, 201078).The transactional leadership approach can be effective in organizations where operations are carried out according structured rules and principles. This leadership approach would fit as it is based on authority within bureaucratic structures of organizations (Mullins, 2010391). This leadership approach to organization like banks or government bodies where the focus is mainly task oriented.ReferencesCentre of Management Research (2003) The Turnaround Specialist online available from 20th March, 2011Laurie J. Mullins (2010). Management and Organisational deportment 9th edn. England Pearson Education Limited.Yukl, G (2010). Leadership in Organisations, 7th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson-Prentice HallBlog 2Current leadership research and how it can help overcome electrical resistance to changeThe leadership contest model of Jimmy kouzes and Barry Posner can be used to address some of the issues of change in todays business milieu. Kouzes and Posners leadership challenge model presents five practices of exemplary leadership Model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act and encourage the heart.Model the way In modeling the way leaders clarify the values that will guide, find their own voice to clearly articulate their values and set their own personalised standard of excellence as an example for others to follow.Inspire a shared vision leaders should dream of exciting possibilities by envisioning a overbold future and fostering this same vision for all his followers.Challenge the process leaders should look for innovative ways to improve or grow their organization by defying the status quo.Enable others to act leaders should encourage collaboration and build teams based on trust. By doing that they make it possible for their employees to work better. boost the heart leaders should recognize and honor the contribution of every follower/employee.This model can be used in used in manipulation situations where resistance to change occurs in organizations. An example of this where a manager exhibited some aspects of this five models was the TI automotive case sketch in unit 6. Tim Kuppler was tasked with upward(a) the corporate culture and bottom line of the HVAC unit of TIs North American business. Kuppler found out the employees were unclear about their mission and ready to embrace change.Kuppler exhibit the inspiring a shared vision aspect of the Kouzes and Posner model through unfreezing of the situation and a communicating with employee to have an understanding of the situation to make handles of the situation properly and propose a vision moving forward.Kuppler challenged the process through produceing innovative ways to implement change. He introduced involvement meetings and created business teams, which were not part of the companies practice before. This also demonstrate enabling others to act as it fostered collaboration and made it possible for the employees to good work. Kuppler finally refreezes the situation leaving the employees with an sceptred corporate culture.ReferencesKouzes, J. Posner, B. Z., (2008) The Leadership Challenge, 4th Edition, Jossey-BassMoodle (2010) M005LON-Leading in a Changing World-1011JAN online available from 22nd March,2011Blog 3Key tensions in leadershipThe business environment is constantly changing forces like globalization, increasing business compet ition and innovation are changing the landscape of the business world. These factors provide challenges and tensions that leaders/managers are pass judgment to identify and handle through effective leadership and management.Globalization presents challenges for leadership organizations now employ sight from different cultural backgrounds with different values and beliefs. tribe perception of authority could vary according to their cultural background and experiences (Mullins, 2010401). The level of power distance people accept varies and can be linked to their nationality, people from countries like china accept a high up power distance while people from most European countries don not a high power distance. Leaders/ managers with a workforce comprising of people from these countries have be aware of that. The situational leadership approach can apply here where the leader bases his/style and behaviour according the situational forces. Tannenbaum and Schmidt suggested three main forces Forces in the manager, forces in the subordinate and forces in the environment (Mullins, 2010383).Leading virtual teams is also another challenge for leaders/managers where communication is through electronic sources (Mullins, 2010834). The lack of face-to-face contact with members, geographical separation, time difference and cultural difference of team members makes leading virtual teams a challenging task. Leaders of theses teams require different range of skills. Position power has little or no effect in these leading virtual teams. Golemans leadership styles will style will work effectively which are the visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pace-setter and commanding.According to Goleman effective leaders rely on more than one leadership style (Goleman cited in Mullins, 2010399). The leader of virtual teams with a combination of the styles will be effective. The leader can use the democratic style to foster interaction between through encouraging employee involv ement, use the visionary style to create a long-term vision for the group and use the affiliative style to create harmony in the work group.In dealing with crisis management in organizations, where urgent action is needed to address the problem, an authoritarian leadership style might be preferable. According to Brennen an authoritarian style of leadership is suitable in situations of crisis or emergency where immediate action needs to be taken (Educational Administration and Supervision, nd). Goleman also state that authoritative style might be over bearing at times, it can be effective (Goleman cited in Mullins, 2010399).In order to effectively bring organizational change, it is important for a leader to understand factors that cause resistance to change in the individuals or the organization. This was seen in the TI automotive case study mentioned in my second blog. Tim Kuppler was able to implement the strategic change needed in the company after Identifying cause of resistance to change in the employees. The employees were hesitating to embrace the change process because other Managers tried to implement change but didnt succeed.ReferencesMoodle (2010) M005LON-Leading in a Changing World-1011 JAN online available from 22nd March,2011Laurie J. Mullins (2010). Management and Organisational Behaviour 9th edn. England Pearson Education Limited.Educational Administration and supervision (nd) Leadership styles online available from http//www.soencouragement.org/leadership-styles.htm25th March 2011Blog 4Ethical issues of leadership and how leadership doings and ethics impacts behavior and perception of followersDue to the influence powerful leaders can have on the fate of a company and lives of their followers there is a growing interest in the ethical aspects of leadership (Yulk, 2010329). Declining public trust in business and public leaders is also fueling interest in the ethical aspects of leadership (Kouzes and Posner, 1993 cited in Yulk, 2010329). Inter est in ethical leadership is growing as leaders now face issues of corporate social office (CSR). A leaders behavior toward corporate social responsibility can be a shareholder view. Leaders with this view influence their followers in order to maximize profits with in the boundaries of environmental law (Sternburg 1994).Leaders behavior has an impact on the behavior of his followers, Leaders can influence followers into crimes of obedience by making unethical practices appear to be legitimate (Beu Buckley, 2004 Hinrichs, 2007 cited in Yulk, 2010329). Accordng to Yukl, ethical behavior of leaders can be determined by either situational influences or individual determinants. Situational influences factors like organizational culture or formal reward system can support ethical or unethical behavior by leaders. An example of this is the case of Enron, their reward system called the rank and yank prompted top executives and managers to engage in unethical practices to gain rewards or represent employment. This behavior manifested down to their employees.My leadership goal and aspiration after completing my MBA program is to work in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria and live on a leading player in the industry. To achieve this goal I have to improve my leadership capabilities and the MBA program is a platform for me to work on it. I received encouraging feedback for my peers though they were areas I need to work on to improve a leader. The feedback highlighted my leaderships as high emotional intelligence, self-confidence, good social skills and ability to adapt. These qualities will come in handy in the demanding oil industry. To improve as a leader I would have to adopt different leadership styles, as stated by Goleman that the most effective leaders rely on more than one style (Mullins, 2010399). By having different styles I will be able to adapt to different situations and use the style that fits the situation best.

Theories On Domestic Violence Causes

Theories On Domestic Violence Ca usagesPreviously there has been a lot of work done to determine the ca determinations of national military force and their relationship with it. This writings review focuses on the theories related to causes of home(prenominal) military force and highlights the key findings of these theories. This literature review is a summary of selected sources which directly or indirectly address interior(prenominal) wildness and its causes. Sources range from academic research papers, other literature reviews, academic articles and online books.Work and family get reciprocal relationship with each other and this has been proved by the research and the effects of one ar spilled onto other. Occupational spillover effects argon best explained by feminist and work-family theories because work and personnel are gendered. Research that was done previously has ignored issue of violence when analyzing occupational spillover and has only cogitate on occupatio ns influencing workers identities health outcomes, renting styles and health outcomes. Relationship is being discovered by researchers mingled with interpersonal conflicts and argu handsts at work leading to arguments at home. on that point are few family violence researchers who have focused on occupational characteristics affecting intimate relationships. Occupational violence spillover means that men in material violent jobs are more likely to cause violence on their abetter _or_ abettors because they have learnt at work that violence Is a legitimate way to manage throw on their allys. Compensatory masculinity focuses on work-family affaireages and according to this, men who are futile to earn satisfactory income level and are dissatisfied in their operative environment try to gain satisfaction at home by perpetrating violence at their womanish partners. It has been found by family violence researchers that men in blue collar, male dominated occupations have higher rat es of domesticated violence as compared to men having white collar jobs but the issue has not been examined thoroughly. Research has reason out that men in physically violent occupation usually bring their work home in the form of violence and their female partners suffers from occupational spillover. Few work-family researchers have focused on the role of occupational stress in causing domestic violence on intimate partner and are unable to explain the root causes of violence.Research on intimate partner violence has explained the connection between income, education and role with violence. Marital settlement (Kalmuss Straus, 1990 Straus, Gelles, Steinmetz, 1980) and stress frustration theories (Holtzworth-Munroe, Bates, Smutzler, Sandin, 1997 Riggs, Caulfield, Street, 2000 Straus, 1990 Straus et al.) view income, education, and employment as indicators of access to economic resources. fit to Anderson, women face risk of abuse due to power differences rather than sociodemo graphic position. traditionalistic status of men along with several sociodemographic factors such as income, education, employment, race and cordial class increases the risk for women to face intimate partner violence. Marital colony theory suggests that women are financially, educationally and occupationaly dependent on their male partners which limits their ability to end violent relationships. 1986). Lupri, Grandin, and Brinkerhoff (1994) suggest that because men hold the majority of high remunerative positions in society, it follows that they similarly command higher power in have adverse effects on marital relationships. Rogers and Amato (1997) and Rubin (1994) find that husbands with low level of income are likely to feel more insecure and consequently the couple will experience more marital problems. Socioeconomic differences favouring women are often viewed as uncomfortable and problematic by male partners.According to Jasinski (2001), violence is used by men to constru ct traditional masculinity and when men are unemployed and unable to financially support their family, they use violence as a mean to regain their masculinity. Researchers have analyzed the impact of mens and womens financial contributon to household income and have concluded that overall poverty increases the risk of violence rather than income disparity between intimate partners. (Anderson, 1997McCloskey). Moreover, employment is also considered as an important factor causing violence and according to Macmillan Gartner, a woman is more likely to experience violence when she is employed and has a higher job status compared to her husband. Many researchers have also found that women with higher education compared to their partners face greater risk of intimate partner violence than women with lower education (Hornung et al DeKeseredy and Hinch (1991)Family violence and feminist researchers have focused on the role play by socioeconomic factors in causing partner violence but the li terature lacks the exact role played by these factors in causing physical and emotional abuse so there is a continuous need to explore the relationship between income, employment and education with partner violence. Empirical analytic thinking of the different forms of intimate partner violence and physical abuse is required to be done.According to feminist theories, men perpetuate violence in order to maintain power and fake and family violence researchers have concluded that geomorphological environment plays an important role in causing domestic abuse. It has been found that elements of structural environment such as age, race, cohabition, educational and income resources have a relationship with domestic violence and these same structural elements do not lead to the violence in a similar fashion by men. Previously the role of cultural constructions of gender was ignored by the researchers and in most studies violence perpetrated by men is examined only. Moreover. Gender theo rists argue that social constructs create masculinity and femininity and construction of feminine identity is ofttimes easier as compared to the construction of masculine identity. (Connell, 1987). work force try to maintain their masculinity by obtaining higher levels of income, more education and greater occupational prestige than women (Gerson, 1993 Segal, 1990). Men with higher educational resources and earning less income are more likely to perpetrate violence on their female partners than with lower educational resources and higher income (Fagot, Leinbach, Hagan, 1986). Men use violence as a mean to maintain and re establish their power and control when they are deprived of material resources in their lives (Goldschneider Waite, 1991). The study conducted by Horning Mcullough concluded that partners hold different expectations regarding decision making and housework when they have different educational levels.The relationship between education and domestic violence should b e studied more closely in the research because their relationship has been found inconsistent in the past studies (Lupri et al., 1994). Theories focusing on socioeconomic causes of domestic violence must be integrated with feminist theories to better understand the problem. There is a dire need of future research that should analyze and examine the interrelationship of sociodemographic factors and structures of gender and power. Strong relationship between domestic violence and age,cohabiting status, unemployment and socioeconomic status has been found by sociologists using national survey techniques. A link between stress and domestic assaults has been found by studies (Straus et al., 1980). Gender of victims and perpetrators hold a great importance when examining causes of domestic violence but the literature lacks an analysis of how and why gender matters in spousal violence. Furthermore, past studies of resource theory has limitations. One limitation is that the data is collect ed from one partner leading to gendered coverage bias. The literature lacks the emipirical and theoretical analysis of how gender matters in the relationship between resources and violence.Research indicates that domestic violence may arise from feelings of low personal control among men and it negatively influences the personal control of women. According to perpetrator literature, feelings of personal control play a vital role in causing domestic abuse and the characteristics of perpetrator are low self esteem, poor self control and a high need for control. Research has proved that various aspects of social structural environment influences the mens ability to perpetuate violence on women and these aspects are poverty social resources, stress and unemployment. A link has been found between socio structural conditions and domestic violence by the researchers. According to feminist theories, violence is used as an instrumental act by men when they have little control over an elemen t of their environment such as unemployment and fewer resources to maintain or re-establish their sense of control.. According to studies conducted earlier, gender greatly influences personal control and domestic violence. Johnson (1995) suggests that there may be gender differences in motivation to control, physical strength differences that make violence effective, normative acceptability of control, inclination to use violence for control. According to Kirkwood (1993), men uses their personal resources and physical power to exert control on their female partners and if they also have access to more resources, they can use these to exert further control. Research conducted earlier has indicated that relationship between personal control and domestic violence is different for men and women and the experience of abuse is completely different for men and women.The literature has focused on men regarding control and domestic violence but it has not empirically tested the relationship between personal control and domestic violenceThe literature is quite broad and vague when examining male control and domestic violence and it suggests that men initiate partner violence because they have little control over their partners and circumstances of their lives. More research should be conducted to find out more relationships among personal control and domestic violence and how the association is different for men and women. Moreover, there is a need of finding out possible gender differences using qualitative research.There are many socioeconomic factors leading to domestic violence but the most important ones are poverty and low income. (Greenfeld et al., 1998 Rennison Welchans,2000, Tjaden Thoennes, 1998). According to interpersonal perspectives, the factors contributing to domestic violence are within the relationship conflict and ineffective conflict resolution increases the risk of violence for women. Family members aid in perpetuating violence on women violence (Hamberger Hastings 1993, Cunningham et al 1998, Healey et al 1998, Eisikovits Edleson 1989, Jewkes 2002). The most widely accepted theory of violence is that some groups in the society encourages the use of violence on women. According to feminist researchers, there are several control tactics used by men to exert power and control on women.

percolating paranoia :: essays research papers

Percolating ParanoiaFritz Langs The Big HeatFritz Lang brings the terrors of noirinto the bright kitchens of America.Watch that coffee potBY HIn Bright Lights 12 devoted to film noir, Gary Morris sends the malaise giving rise to the noir sensibility in the "mechanized, immoral, soul-destroying city."1 He defines the urban noir scene as attacking its characters chances for "hope, happiness, peace, complacency, and romance" (Morris 16). Although the attack may be related to the loss of a pastoral setting as Morris suggests, many film noir narratives locate those happy possibilities in the seemingly stable institution of the family, and can be read as ironic, hopeless searches for a humanized, moral, soul-restoring home. According to Sylvia Harvey, "the loss of those satisfactions normally obtained by dint of the possession of a wife and the presence of a family" is one of the recurrent themes of film noir.2 Of course, the archetypal array of characters in fi lm noir are not family members, exactly the hard-boiled, trench-coated detective the beautiful, duplicitous, and greedy femme fatale with a revolver shoved deep into the pocket of her fur coat and a fascinating complement of criminals ranging from sleazy and violent hoodlums to their glib and genteel bosses. The film noir narrative, with its aura of paranoia accentuated by nontraditional lighting and mise en scene, usually plays out not in the brightly lit kitchen or living mode of a comfortable home but at night in dimly lit back streets glistening with rain or shadowy stairwells make full with looming shadows. Through a careful reading of a noir text that presents both the typical film noir mise en scene and various familial images, a gumption of film noirs complicated relationship to the family develops. The Big Heat (1953), directed by Fritz Lang, represents family life as a sham, as a relationship of convenience, as perverse, and finally as so fragile and threatened that ev en an icon of domesticity becomes a weapon.In The Big Heat, violence and criminality contaminate a small(a) city, controlling elections and the police, as well as threatening familial institutions. The cast of characters I have identified as archetypal of film noir narratives is present, but, in care with many such films of the 50s, they have moved out of the shadowy stairwells and back alleys to occupy well-furnished homes and luxurious estates. Much of the violence occurs offscreen in the diegesis of the film, occurring no doubt in the old haunts of film noir.

Essay on Fate and Human Responsibility in the Aeneid -- Aeneid Essays

Fate and Human Responsibility in the Aeneid If youre going to write an epic about swell heroism, dont use the Aeneid as your primary guide. Its not that heroism cant be found in the Aeneid, its just hard to prove. First off, Virgil writes a story in a fatalistic universe, wherein e real action and every event is under Jupiters divine thumb . Fatalism is all-pervading in Virgil . . . in it the Aeneid the words fatum and fata occur some 120 time (Bailey 204). And in the first three books alone the word Fatum or Fata occurs more than forty times (Sellar 334). Venus praises Jupiter as one who commands and governs the events of gods and men . . . (1321-21). Furthermore, Phoebus tells Aeneas that the king of gods spread the fates, revolving every happening . . . (3484-87). So whenever Aeneas wins a battle, whenever Aeneas needs help, whenever Aeneas catches a cold, Jupiter has experience. And though not all events are fated (e.g. Didos suicide), most events are under the control of the gods . Aeneas even admits that he doesnt have a free will (4491-92), because he is bound for Latium. If a universe is fated, how can anybody be responsible for his or her actions? The very idea of fatalism obliterates any notion of heroism because it removes the potential for human responsibility . Why should Aeneas be praised for conquering Latium? Why should Aeneas be called a hero? The interest paradox within the Aeneid is the idea of human responsibility interwoven with fatalism. Though Aeneas knows that fate has promised his settlement in Latium (1286-87), he doesnt sit around waiting for Jupiter to affect them all into Latium he is on a constant quest to settle there. And t... ...he Aeneid. LERMA, di BRETDCHNEIDER, ROMA, 1983. Henry, Elisabeth. The Vigour of Prophecy, A Study of Virgils Aeneid. Bristol Classical Press, Great Britain, 1989. Lyne, R.O.A.M. Further Voices in Vergils Aeneid. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987. Poschl, Viktor. The fine art of Vergil, Image and Symbol in the Aeneid. Trans. Gerda Seligson, Greenwood Press, Connecticut 1986. Paschalis, Michael. Virgils Aeneid Semantic Relations and Proper Names. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1997. Sellar, W.Y. The Roman Poets of the Augustan Age. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1877. Silvestris, Bernardus. Commentary on the First Six Books of Virgils Aeneid. Translated by Schreiber and Maresca. University of nor-east Press. London, 1979. Quinn, Kenneth. Vergils Aeneid, A Critical Description. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London. 1968.